This research activity was a review of criminal justice-related developments resulting from the pandemic in March 2020 which indicated a clear global trend towards the introduction of extraordinary law enforcement powers such as:

• Surveillance to enforce quarantines;
• Policing powers to enforce public health rules, impose fines and restrict free speech and protests;
• Increased detention powers; and
• Removal of judicial oversight of law enforcement and detention; and

An increasing backlash from the civilians who suffer the dual challenges of a loss of livelihood and increasingly repressive actions from the state.